Principles of Data Science: Study Notes

Principles of Data Science: Study Notes

Build concise, revisable notes that connect definitions, representations, examples, errors, and retrieval prompts. Integrates data acquisition, cleaning, visualization, modeling, evaluation, ethics, and communication. Course titles, local sequences, grading, safety rules, required tools, and assessment formats vary; align this resource with the current syllabus and instructor directions.

Learning outcomes

• Explain and apply data provenance, then connect it to cleaning and transformation using course-appropriate evidence.
• Explain and apply cleaning and transformation, then connect it to exploratory analysis using course-appropriate evidence.
• Explain and apply exploratory analysis, then connect it to predictive modeling using course-appropriate evidence.
• Explain and apply predictive modeling, then connect it to evaluation and ethics using course-appropriate evidence.
• Explain and apply evaluation and ethics, then connect it to data provenance using course-appropriate evidence.

Prerequisite readiness

statistics, programming, algebra, spreadsheets, and responsible data practices Use a short ungraded check, repair the smallest missing skill, and immediately retest it in a course-level task.

Notes architecture

• data provenance: meaning, representation, governing condition, valid example, near-miss, and one retrieval question.
• cleaning and transformation: meaning, representation, governing condition, valid example, near-miss, and one retrieval question.
• exploratory analysis: meaning, representation, governing condition, valid example, near-miss, and one retrieval question.
• predictive modeling: meaning, representation, governing condition, valid example, near-miss, and one retrieval question.
• evaluation and ethics: meaning, representation, governing condition, valid example, near-miss, and one retrieval question.

Weekly compression

Reduce the week to one concept map, one worked decision, one corrected error, and three unanswered questions.

Reliable method

state the question, audit provenance, split or validate appropriately, build a baseline, analyze errors, and communicate limits Keep assumptions, intermediate reasoning, units, sources, tool use, and checks visible so another learner can follow the decision process.

Representative application

Predict an outcome from a public dataset while detecting leakage, subgroup errors, and uncertainty before making a recommendation. Predict a reasonable result before working, compare the outcome with the prediction, and explain limitations or alternative interpretations.

Error recovery

Watch for judging a model only by one accuracy score or ignoring missingness, leakage, sampling, fairness, and reproducibility. Mark the first unsupported move, classify the cause, correct the reasoning, and schedule a fresh mixed recheck after a delay.

Accessibility, integrity, and safety

Use approved accommodations and accessible formats. Follow course rules for collaboration, citation, calculators, software, generative tools, laboratories, clinical settings, field activity, privacy, copyright, and human or animal subjects. Never use Exams.fit to obtain protected questions or bypass assessment rules.

Evidence to save

When permitted, preserve a reproducible notebook with data audit, baseline, model comparison, error analysis, and model card with the prompt, first attempt, feedback, revision, verification, and reflection. Remove restricted assessment content and private or proprietary information.

Open-learning reference

Compare this original Exams.fit resource with the relevant OpenStax collection and MIT OpenCourseWare when they match the local course. Reviewed August 2, 2026. This page does not replace the current syllabus, instructor, institution, or qualified professional.